Periodontal condition, changes in salivary biochemical parameters, and oral health-related quality of life in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

BACKGROUND: Anorexia and bulimia nervosa can have significant effects on oral health. Assessment of enzyme concentrations in saliva can be useful for obtaining information on molecular biomarkers for the prevention, monitoring, and diagnosis of oral diseases. This study investigated the periodontal condition, changes in salivary biochemical parameters, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. METHODS: The study comprised 60 women patients who attended a Brazilian medical school. Participants were divided into two groups: patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa (ABN; n = 30) and control patients (CN; n = 30). Oral clinical examinations were carried out to evaluate the periodontal condition by Community Periodontal Index, and interviews using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were conducted to assess OHRQoL. Saliva samples were collected for the evaluation of salivary concentrations of total protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and salivary flow rate. RESULTS: Periodontal condition in the ABN group was significantly worse than that in the CN group. The ABN group showed significantly higher salivary concentrations of total protein, AST, ALT, and LDH than the CN group. There was no significant difference in the salivary concentrations of TBARS among the groups. The OHIP-14 score was higher in the ABN group than in the CN group. CONCLUSION: Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are associated with poor periodontal condition, elevated salivary concentrations of total protein, AST, ALT, and LDH, decreased salivary flow rate and a significant adverse impact on OHRQoL.

Alteraciones auditivas, percepción y conocimientos de estudiantes sobre ruido en una clínica de enseñanza odontológica / Auditory alterations and student knowledge and perception on noise at a dental teaching clinic

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar alteraciones auditivas en estudiantes de odontología y evaluar el nivel de conocimiento con relación a la pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido. Metodología Estudio transversal, se realizaron encuestas a estudiantes del tercer año curso diurno y cuarto año del curso nocturno de estomatología. Las variables estudiadas: trastornos auditivos y conocimiento sobre PAIR (pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido). Resultados Muestran la presencia de trastornos auditivos en 14,8% de los estudiantes, de los que 7,4% recibieron tratamiento. El 28,4% había realizado exámenes audio métricos. De los estudiantes, 24,6% tenían familiares con problemas de audición; 11,1% enfermedades preexistentes;49,3% necesitan repetición durante una conver-sación;34,4% estaba irritado en el ambiente de clases prácticas y consideraban las piezas de mano de alta rotación el instrumento más ruidoso; el 75,3% refirió usar audífonos y un 72,1% por más de 5 años. En relación a los resultados sobre conocimientos 93,8% afirmaron que el dentista es un profesional con riesgo de pérdida auditiva por ruido, pero el 83,9% no había recibido orientación sobre el PAIR. Respecto al protector auricular 77,7% lo conocía, pero sólo 3,7% lo había usado. Conclusión Los estudiantes de estomatología presentaron alteraciones auditivas inducidas por el ruido, y consideraban el local de las clases prácticas un ambiente ruidoso; es necesario un mayor conocimiento en los alumnos de las consecuencias negativas del ruido en la salud y la utilización de medidas de prevención para evitar la pérdida de la audición a largo plazo.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To identify auditory alterations in dentistry students and evaluate the level of knowledge in relation to noise-induced hearing loss. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional study. Surveys applied to third-year students of the day school, and fourth-year students of the night stomatology school. The variables studied were auditory disorders and knowledge about NIHL (noise-induced hearing loss). Results Hearing disorders were found in 14.8% of the students, of whom 7.4% were receiving treatment. Audiometric examinations were performed in 28.4% of the students. It was also found that 24.6% of the students had relatives with hearing problems; 11.1% had pre-existing conditions; 49.3% needed repetition during a conversation; 34.4% felt irritated during practical classes and considered high rotation hand pieces to be the noisiest instrument; and 75.3% reported using hearing aids (72.1% for more than 5 years). With regard to knowledge, 93.8% said that dentists are professionals at risk of hearing loss due to noise, but 83.9% had not received guidance on NIHL. Regarding the hearing protector, 77.7% knew about it, but only 3.7% had used it. Conclusion Stomatology students have noise-induced hearing loss, and also considered that the places where practical classes are given are a noisy environment. More knowledge is needed in students about the negative consequences of noise in health and the use of preventive measures to avoid hearing loss in the long term.(AU)

[Auditory alterations and student knowledge and perception on noise at a dental teaching clinic]. / Alteraciones auditivas, percepción y conocimientos de estudiantes sobre ruido en una clínica de enseñanza odontológica.

OBJECTIVE: To identify auditory alterations in dentistry students and evaluate the level of knowledge in relation to noise-induced hearing loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Surveys applied to third-year students of the day school, and fourth-year students of the night stomatology school. The variables studied were auditory disorders and knowledge about NIHL (noise-induced hearing loss). RESULTS: Hearing disorders were found in 14.8% of the students, of whom 7.4% were receiving treatment. Audiometric examinations were performed in 28.4% of the students. It was also found that 24.6% of the students had relatives with hearing problems; 11.1% had pre-existing conditions; 49.3% needed repetition during a conversation; 34.4% felt irritated during practical classes and considered high rotation hand pieces to be the noisiest instrument; and 75.3% reported using hearing aids (72.1% for more than 5 years). With regard to knowledge, 93.8% said that dentists are professionals at risk of hearing loss due to noise, but 83.9% had not received guidance on NIHL. Regarding the hearing protector, 77.7% knew about it, but only 3.7% had used it. CONCLUSION: Stomatology students have noise-induced hearing loss, and also considered that the places where practical classes are given are a noisy environment. More knowledge is needed in students about the negative consequences of noise in health and the use of preventive measures to avoid hearing loss in the long term.

OBJETIVO: Identificar alteraciones auditivas en estudiantes de odontología y evaluar el nivel de conocimiento con relación a la pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal, se realizaron encuestas a estudiantes del tercer año curso diurno y cuarto año del curso nocturno de estomatología. Las variables estudiadas: trastornos auditivos y conocimiento sobre PAIR (pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido). RESULTADOS: Muestran la presencia de trastornos auditivos en 14,8% de los estudiantes, de los que 7,4% recibieron tratamiento. El 28,4% había realizado exámenes audio métricos. De los estudiantes, 24,6% tenían familiares con problemas de audición; 11,1% enfermedades preexistentes;49,3% necesitan repetición durante una conver-sación;34,4% estaba irritado en el ambiente de clases prácticas y consideraban las piezas de mano de alta rotación el instrumento más ruidoso; el 75,3% refirió usar audífonos y un 72,1% por más de 5 años. En relación a los resultados sobre conocimientos 93,8% afirmaron que el dentista es un profesional con riesgo de pérdida auditiva por ruido, pero el 83,9% no había recibido orientación sobre el PAIR. Respecto al protector auricular 77,7% lo conocía, pero sólo 3,7% lo había usado. CONCLUSIÓN: Los estudiantes de estomatología presentaron alteraciones auditivas inducidas por el ruido, y consideraban el local de las clases prácticas un ambiente ruidoso; es necesario un mayor conocimiento en los alumnos de las consecuencias negativas del ruido en la salud y la utilización de medidas de prevención para evitar la pérdida de la audición a largo plazo.

Prevalencia de la disfunción temporomandibular en trabajadores de la industria. Asociación con el estrés y el trastorno del sueño / Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders among industrialworkers. Association with stress and sleep disorder

Objetivo Verificar la presencia de disfunción temporomadibular (DTM), trastorno del sueño y estrés, así como la asociación entre esos factores en trabajadores de una industria del Estado de São Paulo. Material y Métodos Se aplicó cuestionario de Fonseca para verificar el grado de DTM; el Cuestionario de Evaluación del Sueño de Toronto (SAQ) para verificar la calidad y ocurrencia de trastornos del sueño; y la Escala de Reajuste Social (SRRS) para verificar el grado de estrés. Se tabularon los datos de la encuesta por medio del programa Epi InfoTM 7 y se los analizaron estadísticamente por medio del Test de Chi-Cuadrado, con nivel de significación del 5 %. Resultados Participaron de la encuesta 104 trabajadores, la mayoría hombres (74 %), con edad entre 35 y 44 años (26 %). Treinta y siete (35,6 %) tenían algún grado de disfunción, 65 (62,5 %) presentaron trastornos del sueño y 6 (5,8 %), grados más altos de estrés. Tras el análisis estadístico, no se observó asociación significativa entre estrés y disfunción temporomandibular (DTM). Sin embargo, hubo asociación entre calidad del sueño y el sexo del individuo con la DTM (p<0,01). Conclusiones Se concluye que un alto porcentaje de la población analizada presenta trastornos del sueño y DTM. El sexo y la calidad del sueño influyen en la ocurrencia de la DTM.(AU)

Objective To determine the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), sleep disorders and stress, as well as the association between these factors, among industrial workers in São Paulo State, Brazil. Material and Methods Fonseca's questionnaire was used to verify the level of TMD, the Toronto Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) was applied to check the quality and occurrence of sleep disorders, and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) was used to check the degree of stress. The data collected were tabulated with Epi InfoTM 7 and statistically analyzed using the chi-square test, with a 5 % significance level. Results 104 workers participated in the survey. Most were male (74 %) between 35 and 44 years of age (26 %). Thirty-seven (35.6 %) had some degree of disorder, 65 (62.5 %) presented with sleep disorders, and 6 (5.8 %) presented with higher degrees of stress. After statistical analysis, there was no significant association between stress and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, there was an association between quality of sleep and sex of the individual with TMD (p<0.01). Conclusion We conclude that a high percentage of the analyzed population has sleep disorders and TMD. Sex and the quality of sleep influence the occurrence of TMD.(AU)

[Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders among industrialworkers. Association with stress and sleep disorder]. / Prevalencia de la disfunción temporomandibular en trabajadores de la industria. Asociación con el estrés y el trastorno del sueño.

Objective To determine the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), sleep disorders and stress, as well as the association between these factors, among industrial workers in São Paulo State, Brazil. Material and Methods Fonseca's questionnaire was used to verify the level of TMD, the Toronto Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) was applied to check the quality and occurrence of sleep disorders, and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) was used to check the degree of stress. The data collected were tabulated with Epi InfoTM 7 and statistically analyzed using the chi-square test, with a 5 % significance level. Results 104 workers participated in the survey. Most were male (74 %) between 35 and 44 years of age (26 %). Thirty-seven (35.6 %) had some degree of disorder, 65 (62.5 %) presented with sleep disorders, and 6 (5.8 %) presented with higher degrees of stress. After statistical analysis, there was no significant association between stress and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, there was an association between quality of sleep and sex of the individual with TMD (p<0.01). Conclusion We conclude that a high percentage of the analyzed population has sleep disorders and TMD. Sex and the quality of sleep influence the occurrence of TMD.

[Adolescents' perception of oral health]. / La salud bucal en la percepción del adolescente.

OBJECTIVE: An individual does not always experience the best health and vitality indexes during her/his adolescence. This study evaluated young people's awareness of their oral health and the factors involved in dental maintenance and promotion MATERIAL AND METHOD: Adolescents (n=493) from the Mirim Foundation in the town of Araçatuba in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were asked to fill in a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS: 68.4% of the youngsters interviewed regarded oral health as referring to hygiene and 16.2% to physical appearance; 53.6% of the group perceived their oral health to be good and 24% optimum. 90.1% indicated oral hygiene when asked how oral health could be ensured; however, only 4.8% mentioned brushing their tongues. Physical appearance (62.9%) was one of the main reasons stated as being important for teeth. A statistically significant relationship was observed between perception of regular dental and mouth health and having visited the dentist at least six months beforehand (x2 =30.75; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Even though the youngsters had a general idea regarding their oral health, its maintenance and promotion, better information should be made available regarding such topics and be approached through health education so that these adolescents can have good oral health for the rest of their lives, as well as becoming knowledge multiplying agents for those who do not have access to the same information.

Tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II segundo a terapia Bioprogressiva: relato de caso clínico / Class II malocclusion treatment according to the Bioprogressive therapy: case report

Uma paciente portadora de má oclusão de Classe II, divisão 1, subdivisão direita, gênero feminino, 28 anos e 7 meses de idade, foi tratada com arcos seccionados segundo a terapia Bioprogressiva. O presente artigo ilustra a possibilidade de tratamento em adulto sem extrações, utilizando o aparelho quadrihélice, arcos seccionados e elásticos intermaxilares de Classe II.

La salud bucal en la percepción del adolescente / Adolescents' perception of oral health

Objetivo En la fase de la adolescencia, el individuo no siempre experimenta los mejores índices de salud y vitalidad. El objetivo de éste es evaluar la percepción del adolescente sobre las condiciones de su salud bucal, así como sobre los factores para su manutención y promoción. Material y Método Fue aplicado un cuestionario semi estructurado a los adolescentes (n=493) de la Fundación Mirim del Municipio de Araçatuba-SP, Brasil. Resultados Entre los entrevistados, el 68,4 por ciento conceptuó salud bucal como higiene y el 16,2 por ciento como apariencia. Ya la percepción de los mismos cuanto a su Salud bucal fue un 53,6 por ciento buena y un 24 por ciento óptima. Con referencia a los medios para tener salud bucal, el 90,1 por ciento relató la higiene bucal, pero apenas el 4,8 por ciento de los adolescentes mencionó el cepillado de la lengua. La estética (62,9 por ciento) fue uno de los principales motivos citados, cuanto a la importancia de los dientes. Fue observada una relación estadística significante entre la percepción de la Salud bucal regular y la visita al dentista hace menos de 6 meses (X 2 =30,75, p < 0,05). Conclusión Pese a que los adolescentes presentan una idea sobre Salud bucal, y sobre su manutención y promoción, estos temas deben ser más trabajados, principalmente por medio de Educación en Salud, para que esos adolescentes obtengan una buena Salud bucal y que ésta se mantenga por el resto de sus vidas. Además, ellos se vuelven multiplicadores de conocimientos para aquéllos que no tienen acceso a las mismas informaciones.

Objective An individual does not always experience the best health and vitality indexes during her/his adolescence. This study evaluated young people's awareness of their oral health and the factors involved in dental maintenance and promotion Material and Method Adolescents (n=493) from the Mirim Foundation in the town of Araçatuba in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were asked to fill in a semi-structured questionnaire. Results 68.4 percent of the youngsters interviewed regarded oral health as referring to hygiene and 16.2 percent to physical appearance; 53.6 percent of the group perceived their oral health to be good and 24 percent optimum. 90.1 percent indicated oral hygiene when asked how oral health could be ensured; however, only 4.8 percent mentioned brushing their tongues. Physical appearance (62.9 percent) was one of the main reasons stated as being important for teeth. A statistically significant relationship was observed between perception of regular dental and mouth health and having visited the dentist at least six months beforehand (x 2 =30.75; p<0.05). Conclusion Even though the youngsters had a general idea regarding their oral health, its maintenance and promotion, better information should be made available regarding such topics and be approached through health education so that these adolescents can have good oral health for the rest of their lives, as well as becoming knowledge multiplying agents for those who do not have access to the same information.

HIV attitudes and practices among professors in a Brazilian dental school.

Although there is considerable published research on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), individual biases persist because of lack of information regarding HIV virus transmission. As a result, both infected patients and health care professionals suffer. The objective of this study was to determine if there is prejudice among university professors at the School of Dentistry at Aracatuba's Sao Paulo State University (FOA-UNESP) concerning HIV-positive patients or HIV-positive health care professionals. Out of the seventy-seven professors who responded to the questionnaire, 62.3 percent (forty-eight) stated that they advise their students not to refuse to treat a patient with HIV. Although 96.2 percent (fifty-two) of the fifty-four professors who treat patients have reported that they treat patients who are HIV-positive, only 65.3 percent of them were aware of infection control precautions, and only 32.7 percent reported that they would treat an HIV-positive patient like any other patient. There is also prejudice regarding HIV-positive professionals because only 48.1 percent (thirty-seven) of the professors responded that they would be willing to be treated by an infected professional. It can be concluded that there is prejudice among some of the FOA-UNESP university professors regarding individuals who are HIV-positive.